Understanding Background Checks
A background check is a review of a person's history based on publicly available records, databases, and verified reports. They're routinely used by employers before hiring, landlords screening tenants, and financial institutions assessing applicants. Knowing what shows up — and what doesn't — can help you prepare and address any potential issues proactively.
What's Typically Included in a Background Check
1. Criminal History
This is often the most scrutinized section. A background check may reveal:
- Felony and misdemeanor convictions
- Pending criminal charges
- Arrest records (in some jurisdictions)
- Sex offender registry status
- Terrorist watchlist checks (for certain roles)
Important: Expunged records are generally not visible, though this varies by state and country. Arrests without conviction may or may not appear depending on the jurisdiction and the type of check conducted.
2. Employment History Verification
Background check providers typically confirm job titles, dates of employment, and sometimes reason for departure. Specific salary details are rarely confirmed unless you authorize it. Discrepancies between your résumé and verified records are commonly flagged.
3. Education Verification
Employers frequently verify degrees, diplomas, certifications, and graduation dates. Fraudulent academic credentials are a growing concern, making this check standard practice in many industries.
4. Credit History (When Applicable)
Not all background checks include credit history. When they do — typically for financial roles or tenant screening — the check may include:
- Outstanding debts and collections
- Bankruptcy filings
- Payment history patterns
- Credit score range (in some tenant screening reports)
Credit checks require your written consent under laws like the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) in the United States.
5. Driving Record (MVR Check)
For jobs involving driving or operating vehicles, employers typically request a Motor Vehicle Report (MVR). This reveals:
- License status and class
- Traffic violations and citations
- DUI or DWI convictions
- License suspensions or revocations
6. Professional License Verification
For regulated professions — medicine, law, engineering, real estate — background checks confirm whether the individual holds a valid, current license and whether any disciplinary actions have been taken.
7. Reference Checks
While not part of a formal data report, reference checks are often conducted alongside background screening. Employers speak with listed references to validate character and work performance.
What Does NOT Show Up on a Background Check
- Medical or health records (protected under HIPAA)
- Religious affiliation
- Political views
- Social media content (unless specifically requested in a social media screening)
- Expunged or sealed records (in most cases)
How Far Back Do Background Checks Go?
| Record Type | Typical Lookback Period |
|---|---|
| Criminal convictions | 7–10 years (varies by state/country) |
| Credit history | 7 years (bankruptcies up to 10) |
| Employment history | Usually last 5–10 years |
| Driving records | 3–7 years depending on the state |
| Sex offender registry | Indefinite in most jurisdictions |
Your Rights During a Background Check
Under the FCRA (US) and similar laws in other countries:
- You must give written consent before most background checks are run.
- You have the right to see the report if adverse action is taken against you.
- You have the right to dispute inaccurate information with the reporting agency.
- The agency must investigate your dispute within a defined timeframe (typically 30 days).
Preparing for a Background Check
The best approach is to run a background check on yourself before a potential employer or landlord does. This lets you identify and dispute errors in advance, explain any legitimate concerns, and present yourself with full transparency. Several reputable services offer self-check options — look for providers that comply with FCRA or equivalent regulations in your country.